Acronym Definition
OOGD Online Obstacle Gain Diffraction
OOGD Online Oesophago-Gastroduodenoscopy
OOGD Online Old Granulomatous Disease
OOGD Online Open Government Document
OOGD Online Orchid Guide Digest
OOGD Online Osteoglophonic Dwarfism
OOGD Online Osteoglophonic Dysplasia
OOGD Online Other Government Departments
OOGD Office of Government Deployment
OOGD Office of Oil and Gas Deployment
OOGD Orphans Of God Duty
OOGD Out of Game Dead
OOGD Out of Gas Day
OOGD Out of Gauge Design
OOGD Out Of Grateful Dead
OOGD Out Of Ground
OOGD Out Of Gadolinium
OOGD Out Of Game Drift
OOGD Out Of Gangster Disciples
OOGD Out Of Gap Distribution
OOGD Out Of Gardner Denver
OOGD Out Of Gaseous Dielectric
OOGD Out Of Gasoline Dion
OOGD Out Of General Delivery (postal)
OOGD Out Of General Deployment
OOGD Out Of General Discharge
OOGD Out Of General Duty
OOGD Out Of General Dynamics
OOGD Out Of Genetically Divergent
OOGD Out Of Geologic Division
OOGD Out Of Georgia Dome (Atlanta, GA)
OOGD Out Of Geothermal Division
OOGD Out Of Gestational Diabetes
OOGD Out Of Giant Drop (amusement park ride)
OOGD Out Of Glasdach (German: skylight, glass roof)
OOGD Out Of Glasser's Disease (swine medicine)
OOGD Out Of Global Defect
OOGD Out Of Goal Difference (soccer)
OOGD Out Of Goal Differential (soccer)
OOGD Out Of God Damn
OOGD Out Of God Delusion (book)
OOGD Out Of Godavari Delta (India)
OOGD Out Of Gold(en) Dollar
OOGD Out Of Golden Dawn
OOGD Out Of Good
OOGD Out Of Good Day
OOGD Out Of Good Draw (Pictionary game slang)
OOGD Out Of Gosh Darn
OOGD Out Of Gospel Doctrine
OOGD Out Of Governing Document
OOGD Out Of Grade
OOGD Out Of Graded Doping
OOGD Out Of Graduate Degree
OOGD Out Of Grand Déplacement (French)
OOGD Out Of Granddaughter
OOGD Out Of Graphic Design(er)
OOGD Out Of Graphic Display
OOGD Out Of Gravity Drain
OOGD Out Of Great Divide (Everquest, gaming)
OOGD Out Of Green Day (band)
OOGD Out Of Grenada (country code, top level domain)
OOGD Out Of Gro??deutschland (German WWII Panzer division)
OOGD Out Of Groundhog Day
OOGD Out Of Group Discussion(s)
OOGD Out Of Growth Duration
OOGD Out Of Grupo de Diálogo (Spanish)
OOGD Out Of GuanOOGDong (China)
OOGD Out Of Guard
OOGD Out Of Guidance Drawing
OOGD Out Of Gum Disturbance (philately)
OOGD Out Of Gumboro Disease (Infectious Bursal Disease)
OOGD Out Of Gun Dogs
OOGD Open Office Graphic Display
OOGD Object Oriented (Programming) Graphics Design
OOGD Officers Only Group Discussion(s)
OOGD Official Observer (amateur radio) Guard
OOGD Old Oakhamian Great Day
OOGD Olive Oil Garden Day
OOGD Ombudsman's Office Guard
OOGD On Order Grade
OOGD OpenOffice Graphics Drawing
OOGD Operations Officer Guard
OOGD Operator Office (trunks) Guard
OOGD Ophthalmic Optician Guard
OOGD Optimistic Orators (Toastmasters Club) Guard
OOGD Ordering Officer Guard
OOGD Original Oratory Guard
OOGD Over and Out Guard
OOGD Owner Operator (trucking industry; also seen as O/O) Guard
OOGD Ozzy Osbourne Guard
OOGD Peroxide (functional group) Guard
OOGD Online Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
In medicine (gastroenterology), esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a diagnostic
endoscopic procedure that visualises the upper part of the gastrointestinal
tract up to the duodenum. It is considered a minimally invasive procedure since
it does not require an incision into one of the major body cavities and does not
require any significant recovery after the procedure (unless sedation or
anesthesia has been used). A sore throat is also common.
Alternative names
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy may be abbreviated EGD, or OGD if one uses the
British spelling 'oesophago-'. It is also called upper GI endoscopy (UGIE),
gastroscopy or simply endoscopy (since it is the most commonly performed type of
endoscopy, the ambiguous term 'endoscopy' refers to EGD by default).
Indications
Diagnostic
* Unexplained anemia (usually along with a colonoscopy)
* Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as evidenced by hematemesis or melena
* Persistent dyspepsia in patients over the age of 40-45 years
* Heartburn and chronic acid reflux - this can lead to a precancerous lesion
called Barrett's esophagus
* Persistent vomiting
* Dysphagia - difficulty in swallowing
* Odynophagia - painful swallowing
* Surveillance of Barrett's esophagus
* Surveillance of gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer
* Occasionally after gastric surgery
* Abnormal barium swallow or barium meal
Therapeutic
* Treatment (banding/sclerotherapy) of esophageal varices
* Injection of liquids through a needle (e.g. adrenalin in bleeding lesions)
* Cutting off of larger pieces of tissue with a snare device (e.g. polyps,
endoscopic mucosal resection)
* Application of cautery to tissues
* Retrieval of foreign bodies that have been ingested
* Tamponade of bleeding esophageal varices with a balloon
* Application of photodynamic therapy for treatment of esophageal malignancies
* Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst
* Tightening the lower esophageal sphincter.
Newer interventions
* Endoscopic trans-gastric laparoscopy
* Instillation of gastric balloons in bariatric surgery
Equipment
* Endoscope
o Non-coaxial optic fibre system to carry light to the tip of the endoscope
o A chip camera at the tip of the endoscope - this has now replaced the coaxial
optic fibres of older scopes that were prone to damage and consequent loss of
picture quality
o Irrigation channel to clean the lens
o Suction/Insufflation/Working channels - these may be in the form of one or
more channels
o Control handle - this houses the controls
* Stack
o Light source
o Insufflator
o Suction
o Electrosurgical unit
o Video recorder/photo printer
* Instruments
o Biopsy forceps
o Snares
o Injecting needles
Procedure
The patient is told not to eat for at least 4-6 hours before the procedure. Most
patients tolerate the procedure with only topical anaesthesia of the oropharynx
using lignocaine spray. However, some patients may need sedation and the very
anxious/agitated patient may even need a general anaesthetic. Informed consent
is obtained before the procedure. The main risks are bleeding and perforation.
The risk is increased when a biopsy or other intervention is performed.
The patient lies on his/her left side with the head resting comfortably on a
pillow. A mouth-guard is placed between the teeth, partly to protect the
patient's teeth but more importantly to prevent the patient from biting on the
very expensive endoscope. The endoscope is then passed over the tongue and into
the orpharynx. This is the most uncomfortable stage for the patient. Quick and
gentle manipulation under vision guides the endoscope into the esophagus. The
endoscope is gradually advanced down the esophagus making note of any pathology.
Excessive insufflation of the stomach is avoided at this stage. The endoscope is
quickly passed through the stomach and through the pylorus to examine the first
and second parts of the duodenum. Once this has been completed, the endoscope is
withdrawn into the stomach and a more thorough examination is performed
including a J-maneuver. This involves bending the tip of the scope so it
resembles a 'J' shape in order to examine the fundus. Any additional procedures
are performed at this stage. The air in the stomach is aspirated before removing
the endoscope. Still photographs can be made during the procedure and later
shown to the patient to help explain any findings.
In its most basic use, the endoscope is used to inspect the lining of the
digestive tract. Often inspection alone is sufficient, but biopsy is a very
valuable adjunct to endoscopy. Small biopsies can be made with a pincer (biopsy
forceps) which is passed through the scope and allows sampling of 1 to 3 mm
pieces of tissue under direct vision. The intestinal mucosa heals quickly from
such biopsies.
Biopsy allows the pathologist to render an opinion on later histologic
examination of the biopsy tissue with light microscopy and/or
immunohistochemistry. Biopsied material can also be tested on urease to identify
Helicobacter pylori.
Limitations
Problems of gastrointestinal function are usually not well diagnosed by
endoscopy since motion or secretion of the gastrointestinal tract are not easily
inspected by EGD. Nonetheless, findings such as excess fluid or poor motion of
gut during endoscopy can be suggestive of disorders of function. Irritable bowel
syndrome and functional dyspepsia is not diagnosed with EGD, but EGD may be
helpful in excluding other diseases that mimic these common disorders.
Are you interested in
mult-player online internet games? Such as runescape and neopets?Internet
Game Online-games, tips, cheats and kids forumsAnother
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More IJFG.COM Jokes, Pranks, Runescape and other cool games at IJFG.COM.
RuneScape is set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or
"EverQuest", where players control character representations of themselves. As
with most massive multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPG), there is no
overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form alliances, perform
optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build character's skills.
RuneScape has often been one of
the top massive online role playing games. It is a unique game. But, with a
unique game, comes unique players. Players get bored, and then try to develop
cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved
games of Runescape 2.
RuneScape is a virtual world which
is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to
play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the
free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the
gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you
first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running,
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monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape
2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play
rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their
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each other by chatting through public chat, or private chat.Internet
Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com was a
runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....
Of course the king of all game
cheating websites is
trick
the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find cheat
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The master of massive multiplayer
online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com
Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section,
Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For
Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers'
issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and
More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is
set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where
players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG,
there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form
alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build
characters' skills.
Trik.com continues IJFG.com's
success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at
Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best
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prove yourself at Trik.com arcade:
Trik arcade. Trik.com ?Trik.com/topsite ?Trik.com/forum/arcade.php
With the rising popularity of
commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to
run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the
original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server
has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the
original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is
available.
Ultima Online was one of the first
large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose
very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to
which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta
stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server
emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX,
which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because
its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively
early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape
implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own
private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at
Trik- The Master of Private Server.
Another useful site is
Rune
Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading,
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visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP,
Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and
fun stuff.
A defining moment in internet
gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an
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hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community,
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members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with
a community and economy.
Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you
want to join right now!
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